Search Results for: Bladder

Interstitial cystitis (IC) also known as painful bladder syndrome is a condition in which there occurs chronic inflammation of the muscle layer of the bladder that causes symptoms like chronic bladder pain/bladder pressure and pelvic pain. Homeopathic remedies for interstitial cystitis aim to stop further progression of the condition and manage the present symptoms.

The urinary bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine from the kidneys before it is voided out of the body. When the urinary bladder fills up completely it expands fully. Following this nerve signals are exchanged between the bladder and the brain. This causes an urge to urinate and the bladder muscles squeeze and the external sphincter of the bladder relax to allow urine to flow out. In Interstitial cystitis inflammation of the bladder wall  can result in scarring and stiffness of the bladder. As a result the bladder is unable to hold the quantity to urine that it used to hold previously. There occurs an urge to urinate frequently from even smaller volumes of urine in this case.

Causes

The exact reason behind this condition is not clear yet. However there are certain factors that are thought to play a role  that irritates and damages the lining of the urinary bladder and lead to this disorder. These include over stretching of the bladder, autoimmune reaction (in this the immune cells of the body due to a mistake starts damaging the body’s healthy tissue from a misdirected response), injury to lining of the bladder. Other factors are weak pelvic floor muscles, infections, allergies, trauma to spinal cord. 

It is more often diagnosed in females as compared to males. The age  when this is diagnosed is mostly during the 30’s or more.  It is also thought to run in families.

Apart from above it is suggested that this condition may be linked with other chronic pain disorder like IBS ( a disorder affecting the large intestine with symptoms including abdominal cramping / pain, gas, bloating, diarrhoea, constipation, or both diarrhoea and constipation) and fibromyalgia (chronic disorder in which there occur widespread pain in body, general fatigue and some other symptoms mainly including sleep issues, memory issues like brain fog and depression.

Symptoms

Its symptoms include pain / discomfort / pressure in bladder when it  gets full and gets better after passing urine, pain (that can be slight discomfort, burning or sharp pain)  /pressure in the pelvis, pain in lower abdomen, urgency to urinate, persistent urge to pass urine,  frequent urination day and night with small quantity of urine (urine may pass around 50 – 60 times a day. Other symptoms that can appear include painful or burning urination, pain during coition (sexual intercourse) and incontinence of urine (involuntary passage of urine). These symptoms may increase in intensity and get worse if a person having this condition also gets a UTI (urinary tract infection). 

The symptoms and its intensity vary from person to person. The symptom intensity also varies among one person from day to day and may have a period where no symptoms are present (remission period).

Some of the triggers that can worsen its symptoms are mental or physical stress, menses, exercise, sexual intercourse, certain foods (like spicy food, alcohol, chocolate, citrus fruits, coffee) and sitting for prolonged periods of time.

In women pain may also occur in vulva, vagina and perineum. In men the pain may also be present in scrotum, testicles, perineum.

Complications

First complication is stiffness of the bladder wall resulting in reduced bladder capacity. Next, it can cause relationship problems in partners due to pain and frequent urination. It can also lead to sleep disturbance, emotional stress , depression and  poor  quality of life due to frequent urination and pain.

Homeopathic Remedies for Interstitial Cystitis

The homeopathic system of medicine carries a great scope to treat cases of interstitial cystitis. It effectively manages symptoms like bladder pain; pelvic pain; pain in lower abdomen; urgency to urinate;  frequent urination, painful / burning urination; pain during sexual intercourse; pain in vulva, vagina in females; and pain in scrotum, testicles in males. With these medicines the symptoms gradually reduces in intensity and frequency gradually. The homeopathic medicines for its treatment are very safe as they are prepared from naturally occurring substances that does not cause any side effects.

1. Equisetum – For Heaviness/Pain in Bladder and Lower Abdomen

This medicine is prepared from plant Equisetum hyemale also known as Scouring Rush. It belongs to the family equisetaceae. It is well indicated to manage bladder pain. Persons needing it may have heaviness, dull pain in the bladder and the lower abdomen. Sometimes they have severe pain in the bladder and lower abdomen. They also have frequent almost constant urges to urinate. Next they have a feeling of fullness in the bladder. The bladder region is also tender in them. 

2. Lycopodium – For Frequent Urination, Heaviness, Pain in Bladder

This medicine is prepared from plant Lycopodium Clavatum having the common name club moss. This plant belongs to family lycopodiaceae. This medicine is beneficial for cases where frequent urine is present especially at night time. Dull pressing pain, heaviness or bearing down over the bladder is felt. Sometimes pain in the bladder of stitching type may also be present.

3. Belladonna – For Bladder Pain

This medicine is prepared from a plant called deadly nightshade. It belongs to family solanaceae. It is firstly helpful for dull pressing pain in the bladder. This is mostly felt at night. Next it is useful for bladder pain of shooting type worsening from movement. Other than this it helps where sharp, burning , stitching is felt in the bladder neck. Bladder region can be painful to  touch along with the above symptoms. The desire for urine is also frequent and urine passed is small in quantity.

4. Merc Sol – For Frequent Urination with Marked Urgency

This medicine is very effective when there is frequent urination and marked urgency to urinate. Persons needing it have frequent urination both in day and night time. They have the urge to pass urine every hour and pass a little urine every time. Whenever they have an urge to urinate, they have to hurry to pass it otherwise it passes involuntarily. Burning in the beginning of urination may also be felt by them. Another symptom that they have is soreness of the bladder region.   

5. Thuja – For Urgency to Pass Urine

This medicine is prepared from fresh green twigs of plant Thuja Occidentalis commonly known by the name of Arbor Vitae. This plant belongs to family coniferae. It offers great help for cases where urgency to pass urine is present. Persons requiring it have a sudden, urgent uncontrollable urge to pass urine. Along with this there is cutting pain in the bladder. Involuntary urination especially at night may also be there. 

6. Sepia – To Manage Painful Intercourse, Pelvic and Vaginal Pain 

It is a very valuable medicine for females to mange complaint of painful intercourse, pain in pelvis and vagina. In cases needing it there is bearing down sensation in region of bladder. There is marked stitching pain and constant soreness in the vagina.  Burning pain in vagina and vulva are also present. There is marked burning and aching in bladder during menses. Along with this there is pressure sensation in bladder with frequent urination. A major symptom attending it is urgent desire to urinate.

7. Argentum Nitricum – For Pain during Coition in Males

This medicine is indicated to manage pain during sexual intercourse in males. Other attending symptoms include painful urination, pain in testicle especially right side. This pain is contusive in nature where it is required. 

8. Causticum – For Urinary Incontinence 

This medicine is a significant one to manage complaint of involuntary urination. Other complaints where it works well includes frequent urination with scanty urine, constant desire to urinate, burning when urinating .

9. Clematis – For Males to Manage Pain in Testicles 

This medicine is prepared from leaves and stems of plant Clematis Erecta. It belongs to family ranunculaceae. It is very effective to manage pain in testicles. The pain can be drawing, pinching type. The testicle may also be painful to touch. The testicle may also be swollen.

10. Cantharis – For Painful or Burning Urination

It is a leading medicine to manage painful or burning urination. It is indicated when the pain and burning is present during, before or after urinating. There is a constant urge to urinate with this even from slightest urine in the bladder. Urine quantity is scanty. Heaviness, soreness and burning pain in the bladder is also marked. The bladder pain is worse from drinking even a small amount of water. Another chief symptom attending above is pain in perineum.

11. Apis Mellifica – For Burning at the End of Urination

Apis Mellifica is well indicated medicine for cases in which burning is present at the end of urination. With this there is frequent urination day and night with the desire to urinate every half hour. Other than this it is indicated for stinging pain while urination.

Febrile seizures refers to convulsions (fits) that can occur in a child during a high fever. It usually occurs in children between the ages of 3 months to 6yrs. They can be frightening but most times are harmless and don’t point towards any serious health issue. Homeopathic Medicines for Febrile Seizures can be taken as a supportive help along with conventional mode of treatment.

Causes

An increase of body temperature (mostly higher than 38 °C  or 100.4 °F) usually can trigger a febrile seizure.  Sometimes a low – grade fever can also trigger a febrile seizure.

Most of the time the fever which lead to febrile seizures result from a viral infection and sometimes from bacterial infection. Virus which causes roseola ( also called as sixth disease is an infectious disease  caused by human herpesvirus 6 and 7 and usually spreads through saliva. It occurs in children before age of three and causes fever and skin rash), chicken pox, influenza and upper respiratory tract infection that are accompanied with high fevers are mostly linked with febrile seizures. Other infections linked with febrile seizures are middle ear infections, shigellosis (an infection of intestines caused by a group of bacteria called Shigella) and salmonellosis (a bacterial disease caused by bacteria of the Salmonella type affecting the intestinal tract causing diarrhoea, fever and abdominal cramps). 

Next, fever that follows immunizations mainly the MMR (measles, mumps rubella vaccine), DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus vaccine) can also cause febrile seizures. A child who has some family member having febrile seizure is at risk of it suggesting a link of genetics with this.

These seizures mainly occur in children between the age group of 3 months and 6 years and the children between 12 months and 18 months of age are at the highest risk of it.

 Complications 

In most cases febrile seizures don’t cause any complication. But some children get the complication of recurrent febrile seizures. Few children who had a febrile seizure have a chance of getting another seizure from some future infection usually within the year of first seizure. The chances of recurrence is more if the first febrile seizure occurred before age of 18 months, the first febrile seizure occurred from a low fever, the time span between the fever onset and seizure was short and there is a family history of febrile seizures and if the child goes to day care that increase the chances to contract infections common in childhood like influenza, chicken pox.

Symptoms 

In febrile seizures fever is more than 38°C (or 100.4°F), twitching of limbs, jerking of limbs, stiffness of body, shaking of limbs / whole body, loss of consciousness occurs. Other than this rolling of eyes and foam at mouth  can be there.

There are two types of febrile seizures – simple and complex.

1. Simple Febrile Seizures 

These are most common and last from a few seconds to one or two minutes. But sometimes they can last for around  15 minutes. They are not specific to any one part of the body. Its symptoms include twitching of limbs,  stiffening and shaking of limbs, shaking all over the body, eye rolling, loss of consciousness, loss of bladder / bowel control. After the seizure is over the child may feel confused, tired, sleepy, irritable but no weakness in the arm or leg is felt. Simple febrile seizures occur for only one time in a 24 hr period and do not repeat again in this time period. 

2. Complex Febrile Seizure

These are less common and they last for more than 15 minutes. These seizures occur more than once during 24 hours time. These are confined to one side of the body. Its symptoms are twitching or shaking of one limb of the body, loss of consciousness and  weakness in the arm or leg which is temporary.

Note

The child should be taken to doctor as soon as possible after the febrile seizure. One must urgently rush to hospital in case a child has a stiff neck, vomiting, extreme lethargy and breathing difficulty that may be indicative of brain infection.

Homeopathic Medicines for Febrile Seizures

Homeopathic medicines are helpful for managing cases of febrile seizures which are mild to moderate in intensity. These medicines mainly focus to boost the immunity of a child to fight with the infectious agent which is causing fever and to help regulate the temperature. Use of these medicines can be considered to treat the tendency of recurrent febrile seizures.  The homeopathic medicines for these cases should be taken after consulting a homeopathic physician and never be self prescribed. This is because the medicine for this condition is not specific and which medicine is required for a given case of febrile seizures can only be selected after a thorough case analysis. It is to be noted that in severe cases with some warning signs like vomiting, stiff neck, breathing difficulty and extreme lethargy urgent help from conventional mode of treatment should be taken.

1. Belladonna – Top Grade Medicine 

This medicine is prepared from plant deadly nightshade. This plant belongs to family solanaceae. It is a leading medicine for febrile seizures. The important features to use this medicine are twitching of limbs, jerking of arms and hands. There is twisting, turning of limbs along with jerking. Sometimes twitchings are present in muscles of face. Rolling of eyes may also present. With the above there is loss of consciousness. After the end of fit sound sleep occurs. There is fever with excessive heat in head and face, redness of face, great thirst.

2. Nux Vomica – For Twitching of Single Muscle or Limb

This medicine is beneficial for cases in which there is twitching of single muscle or single limb.  The child may also have frothing at mouth. Deep sleep can after the fit attack is over. There is fever with marked chills. A peculiar feature during fever is desire to be covered in  all stages of fever – chill, heat or sweat. 

3. Stramonium – With Stiffness and Rigidity of Body

This medicine is indicated when during fit the body becomes stiff, rigid; the eyes are staring and there is frothing at the mouth. Other than this there is jerking of arms, fingers and to and fro motion of head. Sometimes  there is jerking of the left side of the face that appears distorted. There is profuse sweating during fit. Along with the above symptoms there is no loss of consciousness.

4. Cina – When There is Twitching or Jerking of Limbs

This medicine is prepared from plant Cina maritima also known as Artemisia maritima. This plant belongs to family compositae. Use of this medicine is considered when there is twitching or jerking of limbs. The child throws arms from side to side. Distortion of limbs may also appear with this. Its use is also done when the child becomes suddenly stiff  during seizure attack. In cases needing it consciousness is preserved during the attack.

5. Cicuta – for seizures with frightful distortion of limbs

This medicine is prepared from the fresh roots of a plant called Cicuta Virosa commonly known as water hemlock. This plant belongs to the family umbelliferae. This medicine is helpful in cases presenting with fits with frightful distortion of limbs and sometimes the whole body. There are spasms with rigidity of muscles. There is loss of consciousness. With this there is high fever, pupils are dilated, head is retracted and there is frothing at mouth.

6. Hyoscyamus – When Fit Starts with Twitchings of Muscles of Face

This medicine is prepared from plant Hyoscyamus niger commonly known as henbane. This plant belongs to family solanaceae. It is useful for cases where fit begins with twitchings of muscles of face. In children needing it there may be jerking in the body which is wandering. At one time there is jerking of feet and at other times, the arms. Staring eyes, clenching of teeth and foaming at the mouth are some accompanying symptoms. 

7. Causticum – With Violent Limb Movements

This medicine is indicated for cases with violent movements of limbs. With this there is gnashing of teeth, screaming, crying. The eyes are half closed with a fixed look. Involuntary passage of urine can be there along with above symptoms. There is feverish heat in the body. Coldness of hands and feet is there. 

8. Ignatia – For Jerking of Limbs and Trembling of Tongue

This medicine is valuable to manage cases with jerking of limbs and trembling of tongue. Other accompanying symptoms are fixed eyes, frothing at mouth, clenched thumbs, loss of consciousness and redness of face. After consciousness is regained excessive thirst is felt. It is also well indicated for convulsions in children during the first period of dentition with increased body temperature and marked redness of one cheek.

9. Opium – For Spasmodic Jerking of Limbs

This medicine is prominent for cases with spasmodic jerking of limbs. For using it there may be jerking of one or other arm to and fro. It is also one of the best medicine when a fit occurs during sleep.

Guillain Barre Syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks the nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It is a serious disorder and the initial symptoms are weakness, tingling and numbness in the limbs. It can eventually lead to paralysis. Homeopathic Remedies for  can be used along with conventional mode of treatment to manage the symptoms.

Causes

The exact reason behind Guillain – Barre syndrome is still unknown. In this syndrome the immune system (that normally comes in action to destroy the microorganisms like bacteria, virus, parasites) starts to attack the nerve cells out of a misdirected response. It has multiple types and among them the most common form is AIDP (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy). In AIDP the protective covering of the nerves known as myelin sheath is damaged. Due to this damage the nerves are not able to send proper signals to the brain and weakness , numbness and paralysis can arise. It has been found that in most cases it  occurs some days or weeks after a respiratory illness or a digestive tract infection. Persons of any age group can be affected with this but the risk increases with advancing age. Its chances are more in males as compared to females.

It can be triggered after an infection with campylobacter jejuni bacteria (most times found in undercooked poultry). Some other infections have also been associated that can trigger it. These include cytomegalovirus, influenza virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), AIDS causing HIV virus,  mycoplasma pneumonia and zika virus. Hepatitis A, B, C and E, Hodgkin’s lymphoma are also associated with the occurrence of this syndrome. Apart from above other triggers linked with it are a recent surgery and vaccination.

Symptoms 

In the beginning tingling sensation or weakness is felt in the feet, toes and legs. Afterwards it spread to the upper body, arms, fingers. However in some of the cases (around 10%) the initial symptoms can occur in the arms or face. With the progression of the condition paralysis may appear after muscle weakness. Its signs and symptoms may include tingling, prickling sensation or pins and needles sensations in fingers, wrists, toes, ankles. Next is muscle weakness in legs that spread  to the upper body. There is difficult / unsteady walking and sometimes a person with this is unable to walk or climb stairs. Other symptoms include difficulty in  moving face (from loss of control over facial  muscles) that causes difficulty in talking, chewing or swallowing; and difficulty in  eye movement and double vision. Rest of the symptoms that can arise includes intense pain in lower back; severe shooting, cramping pain that may increase at night; difficulty or loss of bladder control or bowel control; rapid heart rate; difficult breathing; low or high blood pressure and paralysis. There are chances of progression of the symptoms quickly  resulting in a serious condition in a matter of just a few hours in some people. 

Types

This syndrome has many types. The major types are as follows :

1. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) – in this the muscle weakness begins in the lower part of the body and ascends upward.
2. Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) – in this case paralysis begins in the eyes.
3. Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) and acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN)

Complications

The complications includes difficulty breathing when the weakness / paralysis involves muscles that control breathing; weakness, numbness and other sensations even after recovery;  blood pressure problems; heart problems like cardiac arrhythmias; blood clots; bedsores that can happen from long immobility; severe nerve pain; problem with bladder and bowel function.

Homeopathic Remedies for Guillain Barre Syndrome

Homeopathic mode offers supportive help in these cases along with conventional treatment for symptom relief. These medicines help in halting further worsening of this condition and provide symptomatic relief. It is a serious disorder and the most suitable medicine for managing its symptoms is selected after complete case analysis. So one must take any homeopathic medicine as per the guidance of a homeopathic doctor and never self prescribe them.  In case of complications like breathing difficulty, heart problems and others it is strictly advisable to take immediate help from conventional mode of treatment. 

1. Conium – Top Grade Medicine 

Conium is a leading medicine to manage cases of Guillain barre syndrome. The main indicating feature to use this medicine is paralysis of lower limbs followed by upper limbs. Next indication for using it is weakness in legs. Along with this there is difficulty in walking and staggering gait. Sometimes there is an inability to walk. Numbness and weakness is also felt in thighs. Persons needing it may complain of heaviness and tiredness, weakness in all limbs. They may also have numbness of fingers and toes. Hands and feet may feel cold. Other than this it is also helpful when there is tearing pain in the limbs.

2. Aconite – For Tingling beginning in Feet and Spreading Upwards

This medicine is prepared from plant Aconitum Napellus commonly known as monkshood. It belongs to family ranunculaceae. It is a prominent medicine for cases in which tingling starts in the feet followed by its spread upwards. In most cases needing it the tingling in limbs is accompanied by shooting pains. Shooting pains are marked in legs, knees, ankles, toes. There may be coldness and sweating of hands and feet. Numbness in legs and feet can also be present.

3. Causticum – For Weakness and Paralysis

This is a very suitable medicine to manage cases of  weakness, paralysis and loss of bladder control. It is well indicated for weakness or paralysis of the limb. It is also indicated for weakness or paralysis of the facial muscles. Some other indications for its use are hand numbness, weakness in ankles, difficulty of speech, unsteady gait with easy falling. Apart from above it is a top grade medicine for managing cases having loss of bladder control.

4. Lathyrus – For Weakness in Lower Limbs

This medicine is prepared from plant Lathyrus sativus commonly known as chick – pea. This plant belongs to family leguminosae. It is prominent medicine for cases having weakness in lower limbs. For using it the left side is more weak than right. There is difficulty in standing and walking with this. It is also indicated for paralysis of legs. 

5. Picric Acid – For Weakness, Numbness, Pricking in Legs

It is a very helpful medicine for weakness, numbness and pricking in legs. Along with this heaviness is also felt in lower limbs and there is difficulty in lifting legs from the floor.

6. Agaricus – For Prickling Sensation in Feet, Toes and Uncertain Gait

This medicine is well indicated for cases having prickling, tingling sensation in feet, toes. Shooting pain is also present with this. Another marked symptom for using it is weakness and weariness of lower limbs. The legs feel heavy. The gait is uncertain. There is also pain in legs and a sensation of paralytic numbness in lower legs. There is difficulty going upstairs from pain and weakness in legs. Apart from above weakness and paralytic sensation in the arm especially the left side also indicates its use.

7. Arsenic Album – For Tingling, Prickling in the Fingers

It is a very beneficial medicine for managing tingling sensation in fingers. Weakness and exhaustion in limbs is also present. Limbs feel heavy with this. It is also well indicated for weakness and numbness in feet. 

8. Phosphorus – for Tingling, Weakness and Paralysis of Limbs

It is another significant medicine for these cases. Firstly it is helpful when there is tingling sensation in limbs. Secondly, it is beneficial for weakness of limbs. In cases requiring it the arms are weak with difficulty in moving them. The lower limbs are also weak and weakness is mainly felt while going upstairs. Thirdly it offers help to manage numbness in hands and arms. Lastly it is indicated for paralysis that begins from ends of fingers and toes and ascends upwards. 

9. Argentum Nitricum – For Weakness of Lower Limbs and Staggering Gait

Use of this medicine is considered in cases having weakness in lower limbs. The legs also feel heavy with this. People needing it have staggering, tottering gait. Pain in calf muscles may accompany it. 

10. Stannum Met – For Weakness of Arms

It is a great medicine for weakness of arms. The persons who need it complain of easy tiredness in arms from slight exercise. Things seem to fall down from their hands. Heaviness of arms is also felt by them. They may have a burning sensation in their hands along with above symptoms.

11. Gelsemium – For Weakness of All the Limbs

Homeopathic medicine Gelsemium is prepared from the bark of the root of plant Gelsemium Sempervirens commonly known as yellow jasmine. This plant belongs to family loganiaceae. This medicine is valuable for cases presenting with weakness of all the limbs. Persons who need it have weakness and tiredness in arms. They feel arms are powerless. Pain in arms may attend it. Numbness of arms can also be there. Next they have weakness in lower limbs. The lower limbs feel tired from slight exercise. They have difficulty in walking and have an unsteady gait. Shooting, cramping pain may be present in legs along with these symptoms. It also works well in case of double vision.

12. Alumina – For Staggering Gait

This medicine works well in cases presenting with staggering gait.

People needing it have heaviness in lower limbs and staggering gait.

Tearing, tension, cramping  in thighs and legs can be felt. Sometimes legs feel numb mostly at night.

Our body has billions of nerves. They function to carry messages between the brain and rest of the body in a well coordinated way for smooth functioning of the body. Among the nerves some carry messages from brain to muscles for body movement and some carry messages about temperature, pain, pressure and other helps for proper vital functions like breathing, heartbeat, senses. But when the nerves are damaged then there appears trouble in communication between nerves and brain as damaged nerves are unable to carry messages to and from the brain. This results in various signs and symptoms like numbness, tingling, pain, muscle weakness, balance issues etc. Homeopathic remedies for nerve damage can help halt further progression and give symptomatic relief to a person.

Causes 

Nerve damage can arise from various reasons. 

Firstly, it can arise from excessive pressure on nerve, nerve compression or nerve pinching. Some of its examples are  sciatica and carpal tunnel syndrome Sciatica refers to pain running down from lower back to the back side of leg from compressed, pinched, irritated or damaged sciatic nerve. Carpal tunnel syndrome Is a condition that arises from compression of the median nerve in the wrist that presents with pain, numbness and tingling in the thumb, index finger, middle finger and the thumb side of the ring finger.

Second reason behind it is diabetes (it mostly damages sensory nerves resulting in numbness). 

Next it can occur in autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, guillain barre syndrome, myasthenia gravis. Multiple sclerosis is a progressive disorder in which the immune system attacks the protective myelin sheath of the nerve fibres due to which the communication between  brain and the rest of the body is disrupted. Guillain barre syndrome is a rare neurological disorder  in which the immune system attacks the nerves that are located outside of the brain and spinal cord (means peripheral nerves). It usually  begins with tingling and weakness in feet and legs followed by its spread to the upper body and arms. Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disorder that causes weakness of skeletal muscles in varying degrees.

It can also occur in diseases like motor neuron disease (a group of conditions that leads to loss of function of nerves in the spine and brain), lyme disease  (an infectious disease which is caused by a bite from ticks infected with any of the four species of bacteria known as  Borrelia), hepatitis C, HIV and cancer. 

Next nerve damage can arise from injury or trauma to the nerve as in car accidents. 

Excessive smoking and alcohol drinking also can lead to nerve damage. 

Other than this it may follow use of some medicines and toxic drugs. It can result from some vitamin deficiencies. Apart from above it can be a part of ageing. There are many causes for nerve damage however in many cases around 30 % of the cases no cause is ruled out behind nerve damage.

Symptoms 

The signs and symptoms in case of the nerve damage usually develop gradually. Numbness of hands and feet is often the first symptom that appears when sensory nerves are damaged. Tingling or burning sensation can also attend numbness. The numbness and tingling may radiate from hands or feet into arms or legs. Next common symptom of nerve damage is pain generally in hands and feet. The pain here is a very sharp, stabbing, or burning type of pain. Third symptom of nerve damage is muscle weakness or loss of muscle control, paralysis and with time muscle wasting (atrophy) can arise. Difficulty walking, issues with fine motor skills like gripping something can arise here. These symptoms arise when there is some damage to motor nerves that connect the central nervous system and muscles in the body which are linked with the ability to move. Another symptom is a sharp pain beginning in the lower back and travelling down the back side of the leg (sciatica). Burning, or tingling sensation can also appear over this area. This happens when the sciatic nerve gets compressed or damaged from slip disc, injury, some diseases like diabetes.

Muscle cramps and twitching, excessive sweating or less sweating, intense headaches are other symptoms of nerve damage. Intense headache here can be a sign of occipital neuralgia that  occurs when a nerve in the neck gets pinched causing pain in the upper neck and back of the head. Overactive bladder ( a condition in which a person has frequent, sudden urgency to urinate) can also result from nerve damage. Apart from above loss of balance and coordination while walking  can arise that carries risk of stumbling accidents and falling leading to injury.

Homeopathic Remedies for Nerve Damage 

There is great scope to manage cases of nerve damage in homeopathy. These medicines help to manage its symptoms present in every individual case. These medicines play a supportive role and can be taken along with conventional medicines for symptom management. Symptoms including numbness, tingling or burning sensation in hands and feet, nerve pain, muscle weakness, loss of balance and coordination with difficulty in walking, sciatica, muscle cramps, twitching, overactive bladder can be well managed with these medicines. Though these medicines are safe to use, any of them should be used under supervision of a homeopathic physician after complete case analysis. This is necessary because prior use of these medicines the reason behind the nerve damage needs to be very clear as sometimes the reason behind nerve damage is critical and the patient needs to be referred for urgent help from conventional mode.  

1. Kali Phos – For Numbness of Hands and Feet 

Kali Phos is an effective medicine for nerve damage cases with numbness of hands and feet. The numbness can also be present in arms and legs. Sometimes burning sensation may be felt on toes and soles. It is also indicated if the numbness is localised specifically to the fingertips. Other than numbness its use is also recommended to manage prickling sensation in hands and feet. Additionally, muscle weakness can attend to the above symptoms in cases needing it.

2. Hypericum – For Tingling and Burning Sensation in Limbs

This medicine is prepared from a plant Hypericum Perforatum also known by the name of St. John’s Wort. This plant belongs to family hypericaceae. It is a very suitable medicine for nerve damage with tingling and burning sensation in limbs. In some cases numbness in limbs is also present where it is required. It is also useful when a person feels sharp, excruciating pains from nerve damage along with above symptoms. Hypericum is one of the best medicines for managing cases of nerve damage that arise from injury.

3. Magnesium Phos – For Nerve Damage Attended with Pain

This medicine is well indicated for managing pain from nerve damage. In cases requiring it the pain can be sharp, shooting, stitching. Lightning – like or cutting in nature. They tend to come and go and can be unbearable. Sometimes they are wandering in nature that keeps on changing its location from one body part to another.

4. Arsenic Album – For Burning Pains in Limbs

It is a very useful medicine for cases in which there are burning pains in the limbs. Weakness and heaviness of the limbs can accompany this. Next it is indicated for managing tingling sensation felt in the fingers. Other than these indications numbness and weakness in the feet is suggestive of its use.

5. Causticum – For Cases Presenting with Muscle Weakness 

Causticum is a top grade medicine for cases that have muscle weakness. People who need it have muscle weakness in limbs. The limbs also feel heavy to them. They may have dull tearing pain in the arms along with weakness. Numbness in hands can attend above symptoms. Unsteady walking with a tendency to fall easily can be another complaint for them. Causticum is also a leading medicine to manage cases where muscle function has been lost (paralysis). It helps manage cases of paralysis of limbs, facial muscles, tongue, eyelids, vocal cords and urinary bladder. Next it is a highly valuable medicine to manage cases of carpal tunnel syndrome arising from compressed median nerve.

6. Plumbum Met – For Muscle Weakness, Paralysis  along with Wasting of Muscle

Plumbum Met is a well indicated medicine that plays a supportive role to manage cases in which there is severe muscle weakness or paralysis which is accompanied with wasting (atrophy) of muscles. In some cases that require it pain in limbs of tearing or lightening like may be felt. Along with pain, numbness, tingling or twitchings can also be present in the limbs.

7. Agaricus and Zincum Met – For Muscle Twitchings

Both these are great nerve medicines and remain very effective to manage muscle twitching. In cases needing Agaricus the twitchings are marked in the eyes, eyelids, and facial muscles, cheeks, limbs. Another main symptom to use Agaricus is unsteady walking with a tendency to tumble over everything in the way. While Zincum Met is indicated for cases having twitchings in face and limbs. 

8. Cuprum Met – For Muscle Cramps

It is very helpful medicine for managing muscle cramps. For using it the cramps can be present in legs, feet, calf muscles, fingers or toes. The pain in cramps is very intense where it is required. With cramps the limbs may be hot and very sensitive to touch. Other than cramps this medicine also helps cases of tingling sensation in limbs and also muscle twitching. 

9. Colocynth – For Pain Radiating from Lower Back to Back of Legs (Sciatica)

Colocynth is prepared from the pulp of the fruit of a plant named Citrullus Colocynthis or Bitter Apple. This plant belongs to the family cucurbitaceae. It is highly effective medicine to manage sciatica pain arising from nerve damage irritation or compression. Persons needing it have pain in the lower back that radiates down the back side leg even to the toes. For using it the pain can be shooting, drawing, tearing or cramping in nature. They feel relief in pain by applying pressure or also rubbing and from warm application. Most times they feel worsening of the pain at night time. Among the sides it is most prominent for left side pain though works well for right side as well. 

10. Gnaphalium – For Sciatica Pain and Numbness

This medicine is prepared from fresh plant Gnaphalium polycephalum also known as old balsam and sweet – scented everlasting Flower. It belongs to the family Compositae. It is a highly beneficial medicine for sciatica pain attended with numbness. The pain to use it is mainly darting, or cutting type. It gets worse from motion and is better by sitting.

11. Gelsemium – For Loss of Balance and Coordination while Walking

This medicine is prepared from the bark of the root of the plant Gelsemium Sempervirens having the common name yellow jasmine. It belongs to the family loganiaceae. It is very significant medicine for managing cases where a person has loss of balance and coordination while walking. He has difficulty with walking and his gait is unsteady because of inability to control muscle movements. He staggers on attempting to walk. This medicine is also prominently indicated to manage muscle weakness and paralysis. Lastly this medicine is very useful for pain in the back side of the head (occipital headache).

12. Merc Sol – For Frequent and Urgent Urination from Overactive Bladder 

Merc Sol gives good results in cases of an overactive bladder with frequent and urgent need to urinate. Persons needing it have a frequent urge to urinate day and night. The urge to pass urine is also sudden. urgent and they have to rush and hurry to pass urine. If delayed urine tends to leak involuntarily.

13. Spigelia – For Headache 

It is prepared from plant Spigelia anthelmia having the common name pink-root. It belongs to the family loganiaceae. It is very suitable medicine for managing headaches. It is well indicated for a headache on the left side. The key feature to use it is pain that begins in the occipital (back) region of the head and then extends upward and settles over the left eye. For using it the pain is very violent and pulsating in nature. Stooping and eye movement most times makes it worse in cases needing it.

Abdominal pain is a symptom that can arise from various reasons. Some of the reasons are not serious (like pain from gas, indigestion, muscle pull) that tend to resolve quickly with home treatment or mild medicines. However some reasons are serious (like appendicitis) needing immediate medical help. Homeopathic medicines for abdominal pain are safe, natural and effective and can be used in abdominal pain of mild to moderate intensity.

Many people use the term ‘stomach ache’ instead of abdomen pain to refer to pain in any area of the abdomen. But it is incorrect as stomach is just one organ in the abdomen along with other organs which includes  liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, large intestine, small intestine, kidneys and appendix. Abdominal pain can arise from any sort of inflammation, infection or disease of any of the various organs that lies in abdomen. The abdomen pain can be localised to one part of abdomen or it can be widespread. The location of pain depends upon which organ of abdomen is involved. The nature of pain also varies like it can be cramping, burning, tearing, drawing, colicky etc. 

Causes

The cause of abdominal pain depends upon the area of the abdomen involved and the organs that lie in that area. 

There are various common causes of abdomen pain, like gas, constipation, vomiting, irritable bowel syndrome (a common functional disorder affecting the colon means the large intestine. Symptoms include pain/cramping in abdomen, diarrhoea/constipation/alternating diarrhoea and constipation and gas, bloating in abdomen.)

Gastroenteritis (inflammation of stomach and intestine causing diarrhoea, vomiting and stomach cramps that can arise from bacterial or viral infection), gastritis (inflamed stomach), stomach ulcer, food intolerance (like lactose intolerance), and GERD (gastrointestinal reflux disease – backflow of stomach acid into the food pipe occurs that causes heartburn), Crohn’s disease (an inflammatory bowel disease which is autoimmune in origin that can cause inflammation in any part of the digestive tract), and celiac disease (a disease of autoimmune origin in which eating gluten which is a protein found in wheat, barley and rye triggers an immune reaction in small intestine in person having this disease causing damage of small intestine) are some other causes. 

Infection in the urinary tract, kidney stone, a muscle pull, and abdominal cramps in women during menses are also reasons for abdominal pain. 

The less common causes that require urgent medical help for abdominal pain are inflamed liver (hepatitis), stones in gallbladder, appendicitis (inflamed appendix), kidney infection, heart condition like congestive heart failure, cancer (of stomach, bowels, pancreas), organ rupture like appendix, pneumonia, faecal impaction, intussusception ( a serious condition in which one part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part of the intestine), ectopic pregnancy (when embryo starts to grow in place other than uterus like in fallopian tubes.)

Critical signs that indicate the need for urgent medical help include very intense, unbearable abdomen pain or when abdomen pain is attended with blood in vomiting, blood in stool, high fever, constant vomiting, intensely tender abdomen and trouble in breathing.

Homeopathic Medicines for Abdominal Pain 

Homeopathy carries a great scope to manage abdominal pain arising from various different causes. The homeopathic medicines help in abdominal pain of various types and causes like gas issues, constipation, gastritis, gastric ulcer, food intolerance, food allergies, stomach infection, menstrual cramps except in case of presence of any of the above mentioned critical sign indicative of serious cause (acute emergencies like appendicitis, perforated gastric ulcer, acute gallstone, colic, intussusception etc). Such emergency cases should be dealt with conventional mode of treatment only. One should opt use of homeopathic medicine for abdominal pain only after complete case analysis and its diagnosis. This is important to rule out the cause behind abdominal pain which will help to decide whether one can take homeopathic medicines or if there is an urgent need of help from conventional systems of medicines as in case of abdominal pain that indicates medical emergency. 

1. Colocynth – For Cramping Pain in Abdomen

This medicine is prepared from pulp of fruit Citrullus colocynthis also called cucumis colocynthis and bitter apple. This plant belongs to the family cucurbitaceae. It is a very effective medicine for managing cramping pain in the abdomen. In most cases needing it the pain worsens by eating or drinking anything. Relief is felt by hard pressure, bending double or lying on the stomach. Along with this the abdomen may be sensitive and painful to touch. Sometimes vomiting appears with pain. Distension of the abdomen can also be present. For using it the pain can be present in the upper abdomen, around the navel or lower abdomen.

2. Magnesia Phos – When Pain is Better by Warm Applications

Magnesia Phos is a leading medicine for cases where stomach pain is better by warm application on stomach. To use this medicine usually the stomach pain is cramping in nature though it can also be griping, colicky, cutting or shooting type. Burping can be present with pain. Other than warm applications, persons needing it also feel relief by taking hot drinks and also from applying pressure over their stomach. This is well indicated for colic in children and newborn babies from gas. Females having pain and cramps in the lower abdomen during periods can also be very much benefited from this medicine.

3. Nux Vomica – For Stomach Pain after Eating

This medicine is very beneficial for persons who experience stomach pain after eating. The pain can be throbbing, cramping, burning, griping, constrictive, or pinching type. Sometimes they have radiation of pain from stomach to shoulders. Along with this they also have a sensation of heat and weight in the stomach. The mid part of the upper abdomen (epigastric region) may be sensitive to pressure and can also be distended. They may have complaints of chronic constipation. In this condition they have an ineffectual and constant urge to pass stool. But they have unsatisfactory stools even after passing stool for so many times a day. It is also indicated for abdomen pain felt before and during stool which gets better after stool. This is one of the top medicines for treating pain in gastritis cases and indigestion cases that arise particularly from taking alcohol, coffee.

4. Arsenic Album – For Burning Pain in the Abdomen

This medicine is very helpful for cases of burning pain in the abdomen. Persons who require this medicine feel violent burning in the stomach and often describe the burning as appearing from hot coals. Along with this vomiting may be present. Loose stool can also appear with above symptoms. It is well indicated for pain abdomen in cases of gastritis, stomach ulcers, food poisoning and hepatitis cases. 

5. China – For Pain due to Obstructed Gas

This medicine is prepared from  dried bark  of plant Cinchona Officinalis also called peruvian bark. It belongs to the family rubiaceae. China works very well in cases of abdomen pain that arises from obstructed gas. There is great accumulation of gas with a distended abdomen. There is rumbling and moving of much gas in the abdomen that doesn’t pass either upwards or downwards. Gas remains in the abdomen for a long time after eating. Along with this there is complaint of slow and weak digestion where a person feels as if food remains for too long in the stomach. Other than above it is a prominent medicine for shooting pain and tenderness in the liver area (felt in the right upper part of abdomen.)

6. Lycopodium – For Pain from Constipation and Gas

Lycopodium is prepared from plant Lycopodium Clavatum commonly known as club moss. This plant belongs to family lycopodiaceae. It is useful medicine for abdomen pain from constipation. The pain can be pressing, constricting,  drawing, burning or tearing type. The pain sometimes extends to the back. Along with this excessive gas is present in the abdomen. Distension of the abdomen is also present due to  obstructed gas. Sometimes sour vomiting appears with this. In many cases appetite is low with above complaints. It is also suitable medicine for stomach pain arising from eating even lightest food. Apart from above Lycopodium is a very prominent medicine for kidney stone colic, food allergies and pain from inflamed liver.

7. Belladonna – When Pain Comes and Goes Suddenly

Belladonna is a natural medicine prepared from plant deadly nightshade. It belongs to family solanaceae.  This medicine is considered when there are episodes of abdominal pain that comes suddenly and goes suddenly. The pain can be shooting, excruciating, cutting, gnawing, cramping or pressing type. The pain gets worse from eating and from pressure. Other than this the pain also worsens from walking and from jarring. With above symptoms the abdomen is also tender and sensitive to touch.   

8. Cina – For Pain Around the Navel

This medicine is prepared from plant Cina Maritima also known as Artemisia Maritima. It belongs to family compositae. This medicine works well in case of pain felt about the navel. The pain is twisting type. The navel region is sensitive to touch. The abdomen is hard and bloated. It is one of the best medicines for cutting, pinching pain in the abdomen from worms.  

9. Dioscorea – When Pain is Better by Bending Backwards

This medicine is prepared from fresh roots of plant Dioscorea Villosa commonly known as wild yam. This plant belongs to the family dioscoreaceae. This medicine is specifically indicated when abdominal pain is better by bending backwards. Most people who need this also complain that their pain worsens from lying and gets better by walking. The character of pain described is often sharp, cutting, twisting type. They may have radiation of the pain to the back, chest or arms too. 

10. Ipecac – For Abdomen Pain with Vomiting

This medicine is prepared from the dried root of plant Cephaelis Ipecacuanha belonging to the family rubiaceae. It is indicated for cases of abdomen pain with vomiting. The pain can be cutting, clutching, pressing type where it is required. The pain is most times present around the navel. The vomiting is of watery fluid, of bile or green mucus. The vomiting arises soon after eating. Constant nausea also accompanies the above symptoms. Appetite is lowered with these symptoms.

Hydrocephalus, also known as water on the brain, refers to a condition in which there is too much build up of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain.  Homeopathic medicines for hydrocephalus only play a supportive role in managing the symptoms and should be considered only with conventional treatment.

These ventricles are the cavities within the brain where lies the choroid plexus that produces CSF. This fluid flow through ventricles and eventually flows in spaces that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It provides nutrients to brain and also act as shock absorber in case of any jolts and hit to the head. This fluid undergoes a cycle of constant production and reabsorption. When this fluid exceeds a normal amount then it increases the size of ventricles and puts pressure on the brain and can cause brain damage. Though it mostly occurs in infants, children and elderly people over 60 years of age, it can occur at any age including younger adults. 

Homeopathic Medicines for Hydrocephalus

They provide symptomatic management in such cases. There are numerous natural homeopathic medicines to manage this condition which are selected based on an individual’s symptoms. Some of these medicines are described below. None of these medicines should be used by self medication. One should opt for its use after consulting a homeopathic specialist who after taking case details doing its analysis can best judge the medicine required as per each individual case.

1. Apis Mellifica – Top Grade Medicine 

It is a leading homeopathic medicine to manage acute cases of hydrocephalus. It is especially suited to manage hydrocephalus in children. It is prominently indicated for acute cases (of recent origin). The head appears large and the eyes are prominent in children who need it. Sometimes they have a squint in one or both the eyes. They appear very irritable and restless and may cry or scream suddenly. They are lethargic, have weakness and low energy levels. Their sleep is excessive and deep. They may have dullness in their heads and may bore their head in the pillow.  In few children, pain in the head especially the back part of the head is present. Heated sensation in the head is also noted. Nausea can attend above symptoms. They can scream sharply in sleep.  Another symptom that they may have is trembling and jerking of limbs. In some of them scanty urine or suppression of urine can accompany above symptoms. Seizures in hydrocephalus also indicate its use. It is also the best indicated medicine for hydrocephalus and meningitis.

2. Calcarea Carb – When Head Appears to be Too Large 

Calcarea Carb is a well-indicated medicine for managing cases of hydrocephalus in which the head is too large. It mostly helps chronic cases (means present from long duration) of hydrocephalus. The children needing it may have delayed closing of fontanelles along with head enlargement. They usually have a tendency of excessive sweating over the head. They may have weight loss. They may also show delayed growth or delayed learning to talk and walk. 

3. Cina – When Child is Very Irritable

Cina is prepared from plant Cina Maritima of family compositae. It is beneficial for children who are very irritable and cross. They may cry a lot and strike those around them. They are restless too. They also have a desire to be carried. With this they frequently turn their head from one side to another. They may cry in sleep. They may have an attending inflammation of the brain.

4. Helleborous – When Child Rolls Head from Side to Side

This medicine is prepared from the root of plant Helleborus Niger commonly known as Black Hellebore, Christmas Rose or snow – rose. It belongs to family ranunculaceae. Its use is considered in cases where a child rolls head side to side frequently day and night. He also screams a lot. He may have trembling hands. His eyes have a vacant look and sometimes squinting eyes may be noted. Deep sleep is another symptom that is present. Next symptoms he has is impaired vision and speech difficulty. He may have inflamed meninges too with hydrocephalus.

5. Ipecac – With Nausea and Vomiting

This medicine is prepared from the dried root of plant Cephaelis ipecacuanha that belongs to the family rubiaceae. It is a valuable medicine to manage cases in which a child has nausea and vomiting. The fontanelle may be open in them. Their faces look pale. The back of the head and neck may be  sore.

6. Phosphorus – When Child is Dull and Sleepy

This medicine is well indicated for cases where a child is dull and very sleepy. He tends to sleep all the time, has marked weakness and low energy levels, and may also vomit a lot. 

7. Digitalis – For Sudden, Sharp Cries 

Homeopathic medicine Digitalis is prepared from plant Digitalis purpurea which belongs to the family scrophulariaceae. It is indicated for children having sudden sharp cries. With this they have vomiting on eating anything. Their eyes are sunken, dim and pupils are dilated or have squint. Their head may fall backwards from weakness of neck muscles. Other symptoms that indicate its use are boring head into pillow, involuntary urination, scanty urination and loss of vision.

8. Lycopodium – For Pain in Back of Head

Lycopodium is prepared from plant Lycopodium Clavatum commonly known as club moss. This plant belongs to family lycopodiaceae. It works well in children having pain in the back of head especially in the upper part. It can be followed by unconsciousness. They also feel heaviness in the head. Other symptoms that they frequently have include sleepiness, speech problems and screaming out in sleep.

9. Artemisia Vulgaris – With Presence of Seizures (fits)

It is prepared from the fresh root of the plant mugwort of family compositae. It is a helpful medicine when seizures are there in case of hydrocephalus. In cases requiring it the seizures occur frequently with bending of head backward or sideways. Unconsciousness can occur after seizure. Apart from this it is indicated when there is sharp, shooting pain or heaviness in head and confusion of mind. 

10. Calcarea Phos – With Open Fontanelles

Calcarea  Phos is useful for both acute as well as chronic hydrocephalus cases where a child has open fontanelles. Along with hydrocephalus meningitis can be present. It is also indicated for cases of congenital hydrocephalus (present since birth).

11. Kali Iodatum – With Squinting of Eyes

This medicine is beneficial when squinting of eyes is present along with other symptoms. These symptoms include crying, vomiting, trembling of limbs on the left side. Sometimes seizures are present. It is also indicated for blindness in these cases. 

12. Merc Sol – For Decrease of Memory, Imagination, Reasoning Skills

This medicine is given when there is diminution of memory, imagination, reasoning skills. Along with this head is enlarged. Shrieking, heaviness of head, weakness, nausea and vomiting are present.  There may also be dullness and sleepiness with this. Seizures can also be there. Another symptom that can accompany is involuntary urination. Meninges can be inflamed too with fluid build up in the brain.

13. Apocynum – With Loss of Eyesight

This medicine is indicated when there is loss of eyesight. With this forehead is projected and there is difficulty in thinking. Involuntary motion of one arm and leg often attends these symptoms.

Causes 

Hydrocephalus results when there is an imbalance between amount of CSF produced and amount of CSF absorbed into the bloodstream. Firstly, it can happen if there is an obstruction in the normal flow of CSF within the ventricles or from ventricles to space surrounding the brain (Non-communicating/obstructive hydrocephalus.)
Secondly, It can arise if there is improper absorption of this fluid (Communicating/non-obstructive hydrocephalus.)
Thirdly, in very rare cases it can happen if CSF is produced at a higher speed than it is being absorbed.

Hydrocephalus can occur before a baby is born (means congenital) or can develop shortly after birth. Associated reasons include a birth defect called neural tube defect in which the spinal column doesn’t close properly and an opening remain in  it, aqueductal stenosis (in which the passage between the third and fourth ventricles of  brain is narrow that hinder drainage of CSF), certain Infections (like rubella and syphilis) in the uterus during pregnancy, bleeding in the brain ventricles during delivery or soon after it. The reasons in infants (babies less than one year) and among all other age groups include central nervous infections like meningitis, trauma / injury to the brain, bleeding in the brain, tumours of the brain or spinal cord. In some cases no reason can be found behind hydrocephalus.

Symptoms 

The symptoms of hydrocephalus vary as per the age of the sufferer.

1. Infants (child less than 1 year of age)

In infants the signs include a rapid increase in head size, bulging of fontanel (soft spot in the skull) on the top of head. The head may appear unusually large with this and the eyes are fixed downward (sometimes called sunsetting of eyes). With this the babies may be highly irritable, fussy, cranky and have poor appetite. Other symptoms that they may show are excessive sleepiness, vomiting, seizures / fits, decreased muscle tone and strength. Babies born with this condition (congenital hydrocephalus) can have permanent brain damage causing long-term complications like learning disabilities, vision problems, speech problems, memory problems, epilepsy and problems with physical coordination. 

2. Toddlers and Older Children

The signs and symptoms that can appear in toddlers and older children are an unusually large head, eyes that are fixed  downward, changes in facial appearance, headache, blurred / double vision, squint of eyes. They may have high pitched cries, excessive sleepiness, low energy levels, irritability, seizures, lowered appetite, nausea or vomiting, muscle spasms. They may have poor coordination and have problems with walking, speech or other acquired skills till date, or may have loss of bladder control (urinary incontinence). A child may have delayed growth, have personality changes, difficulty concentrating, reduced performance in school.

3. Young and Middle-aged Adults

The symptoms in these people are chronic headache, tiredness, loss of coordination, problem with walking, difficulty in concentration and  a drop in memory that affect performance at job, vision changes and bladder problems (including frequent urination or loss of bladder control.) 

4. Older Adults (aged 60 years or above)

Symptoms in elderly include frequent urination or loss of bladder control, memory loss, problems with reasoning skills, poor coordination, balance issues, and problems with walking.